Ivory Coast or officially the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, with a population of 28 million in the west of the African continent, with an area of 322,462 km², borders with the countries of Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia and Guinea, with the Atlantic Ocean coast to the south and Yamoussoukro as the capital, Africa. It is one of the most traditional countries. In Ivory Coast, which is one of the countries with the lowest income distribution in Africa, the GDP (gross national product) is 61.5 billion dollars in total, and the average per capita income is 2,281 US dollars.

In Ivory Coast, which came under the colonial rule of France in 1893 and gained its independence in 1960, 60 different ethnic groups live according to their own traditions. Ethnic groups throughout the country are gathered in three groups as culture, language and belief: The Kwalar, the largest ethnic group and mostly living in the central regions of the country, and the Baule tribe within this group are the most influential in the political administration of the country. The Krular are the second ethnic group, living in the southwestern parts of the country and some in neighboring Liberia. Other groups are the Voltaic living in the northern parts and the Mande ethnic groups settled in the northwestern parts.

Islam is the most widespread religion in the country, and 40.2% of the population lives according to the Islamic faith. The second most common religion in the country is Christianity with 38.7%. Other religions are Animism and, as a minority, local African religions.

The country, which ranks first in the world in cocoa production, can be counted in a separate place in terms of forest products.

Since the first day I heard the name of this country, I have wondered why it is called “ivory”;

The ivory trade, which was carried out by the Portuguese in the 6th century by killing elephants living in the savannah in herds to obtain ivory, brought about the end of these animals. Thereupon, the hunting of elephants and the ivory trade were banned, and there were no elephants left. The name of the country is Cote d’Ivoire, which means Ivory Coast. However, when the name of the country was spoken in different languages and dialects, very different and undesirable meanings were formed in its international counterpart. President of the time, Felix Houphouet Boigny, decided that the name of the country would be spoken only in French and not translated into other languages. For this reason, the name of the country is generally used as Cote d’Ivoire, except in Turkish.

We fly directly to Abidjan, close to the capital, on the Atlantic Ocean coast, known as the oldest capital and largest city of Ivory Coast, the Paris of West Africa. Abidjan is one of the most popular cities in West Africa with its lagoon lake connected to the sea.

Due to being the important port of Ivory Coast, it is the most developed commercially and socially, and the 4th largest and most humid city in Africa. Like Istanbul, it is not a capital city, but a city where economy, trade, social life and all kinds of business revolve.

This is one of the rare countries where real African culture is experienced. That’s where we’re going.

25% of the population lives here. It is a modern-looking place that will surprise you with high modern buildings and wide streets that greet you when you get off the plane. The hotel is great, outperforms the best. These are the details that are on our way and catch our eye first. However, if you leave the main road and enter the back streets, you will find yourself in the real life of this place.

China has been investing in Africa for many years, including here, where China’s political and economic activity is gradually increasing.

West Africa is one of the rare countries with rich mines and oil, so it is in better condition than its conditions. When it comes to the wealth of land, France has exploited this place for many years, so there have been civil wars until recently.

After the country gained its independence, it pays colonial tax to France every year. Probably the justification is “We invested a lot of money in infrastructure and other issues in order to exploit you”, and in return, the tax, the duration and amount of which is determined by France.

If we look at where the name Abidjan comes from; When the Portuguese first set foot here, they encountered hunter-gatherer locals hunting in the forest at that time and tried to ask where this place was. When the strange local sees the white-skinned man in different clothes he sees for the first time, he is afraid and responds with “abidjan”, which means “I am cutting trees” in the local language. Portuguese white men also think that the name of this place is Abidjan, and this name continues.

It is not very developed in terms of tourism, that is, it is not a very touristic place, so you can find yourself in life here.

Ivory Coast country currency; West African CFA franc. 1 West African CFA franc = ADB 0.0015 or 1 US dollar = 640 West African francs

**

We’re going to Grand Bassam. I never thought that traffic would be so congested here. Very beautiful and expensive cars in traffic. The 14 kilometer road took about two hours. We are talking about the country of Ivory Coast, Istanbul is better than that. I always prefer the highway, you go through the social life of the country, it is an opportunity to meet local people and see them up close.

We finally made it to Grand Bassam. Since it was a residential area by the sea, it became the center of the colonial state. There are very beautiful buildings that were built in that period and reflect the architectural characteristics and culture of the period. Today, dozens of wonderful buildings are neglected, collapsed, demolished, filthy. Grand Bassam is a quiet place in its own right.

We have lunch here against the harsh waves of the ocean. Life in Africa goes at its own pace, which is usually very slow. There is no need to rush anything, everything happens at its own pace. As such, the service is at the same speed, there is no rush.

Grand-Bassam is one of the important places in the southeast of Ivory Coast, which was the capital of the French colonial administration from 1893 to 1896. In addition to the old colonial buildings, we go to the former governor’s palace, which is one of the important buildings with its wide staircase and architecture, and today is the Ethnography Museum.

We visit the museum, it is a nice museum about the history and culture of the country with a collection of tribal costumes, masks, ornaments and ethnographic photographs. Grand Bassam, which was the French colonial capital between 1893 and 1896, lost its importance after the yellow fever epidemic. The old and the new city are interconnected by a bridge. The buildings in the old city are generally neglected and dilapidated, and as such, they have entered the Unesco World Heritage list with their French colonial architectural style.

We travel around, African life is in poverty, misery, but sincere, friendly people.

Again, we return to our hotel in Abidjan through the congested and mixed traffic.

The Ottomans generally only taxed the places they occupied, that is, colonized, through the governors they appointed, and did not care much about the infrastructure of these places. On the other hand, France and other colonial countries invested in infrastructure in the areas they occupied, implemented their own religion and language, and made efforts for the spread and adoption of their own culture. In order to change and control society, it is necessary to change its language and religion. For this reason, all colonial countries first build churches in the places they go, then change their religions through missionary work, open schools and manage the society by taking control of their language and culture through education.

There were places where there was a slavery life, as a matter of fact, there are places that still continue. The prosperity of the West is the result of the wealth here being transported to the West along with the slaves. There is no oil or underground wealth in the European continent.

This is the place where cocoa is still produced the most, 40% of the world market is grown here. Cocoa is the main ingredient of chocolate, but as a result of the process until cocoa becomes chocolate, its price increases 3600 times.

**

We’re flying north to Odienne. They are places that tourists do not visit much yet, so in rural areas the tribes continue to live with their own unique traditions.

The current unit of time here is “African time”. There is no rush, everything is in its own flow. The plane took off three hours late, no reason. Anyway, we took off and landed safely at Odienne International Airport. It’s international, but there’s no such thing, it’s too small for an international airport. The distance from the airport to the city center is about 10 km, but it took almost two hours due to the traffic jam.

We are visiting the city, when it comes to the city, it is a chaotic place where there is an extremely difficult life. Since it was not very foreign, the people we met at first got a little excited and strange, but after a short time we took very pleasant photos together.

In the north of the country, near the border with Mali, Muslims are generally prevalent. I hear the call to prayer, I can tell, there is a mosque nearby.

**

I woke up with the call to prayer in African Ivory Coast, it’s morning, it’s time to get up.

We are going to the region where the Yakuba tribe lives. Three hours from Odienne, the last hour is a little rough. A place near the city of Tuba, we came to the village. When the shouting announcement of our arrival began, people began to gather in the village square, and it was understood that the ceremony would begin with a darbuka-like instrument. The women, swirling around the musician, pretend to dance lightly, waiting for the others to arrive. As the crowd increased and the musicians increased, the music and dance started, a great tempo.

Similar social activities such as birth, marriage, death, dedication to the gods, altars, or when the village people need to gather and socialize, ceremonies are held in different shapes and orders depending on the meaning of the day. Welcome dance for us.

While the dance and music were going on, a person with a face completely masked and a reed skirt appeared from somewhere in between, the tempo of the music and dance began to increase gradually, and the masked began to dance in the middle in accordance with the rhythm of the music. Every mask and dance has a meaning and teaching, this mask expresses wisdom, counsel and punishment for wrongdoing and evil. After dancing for a while, another man with long wooden legs and a mask on his face came along. This mask also represents the one who can look at the events from above, the one who knows the truth of everything, the one who sees. They are trying to send a message with their dance by jumping and jumping with their long legs. Increasing the tempo from time to time increases the excitement and becomes more enjoyable. We leave here with lots of photos and good memories.

We set out on the road, we come to the village with fish nearby. A large number of fish of the cat species roam the river bed. It is believed that catching and eating them will bring great evil. We asked what is the story that makes these fish sacred; Many years ago, during the Mali Kingdom, the Arabs came here, they wanted to Islamize the people here, and for this they used force and committed massacres, and people started to migrate by escaping from these pressures. When this river came in front of them, at the end of their ritual prayers, all the fish were lined up to form a bridge and allowed people to cross over to the opposite side. Therefore, as a result of their gratitude to these fish, they do not touch them and consider them sacred. Believe it or not, this is the story, as it is everywhere.

We return to Odienne, there are Duzos on our way, we will visit them. Your location is very close to the border of Mali and Burkina Faso, where illegal events such as smuggling and drugs took place in Ivory country, and there was terrorism until a few years ago. Duzos, a local people made up of different tribes, this group accepted by the state, is responsible for the security of the region. They believe that they have some mystical powers, so they look at things such as healing, healing, bringing news from the spirit world. We asked who could be Duzo, they are chosen from among those who have not stolen, killed, or committed crimes against the state. Those who want to become a Duzo come to the chiefs of the Duzo with a rooster, if all conditions are suitable, they swear by pressing their hands on the rooster, accompanied by certain rituals, and at the end of the ceremony they cut and eat the rooster. The region is asked about them, even if you are the people of this place, you will not invade the region they are responsible for without their permission.

It’s a very similar situation in Turkey, like the rangers in the eastern region.

Together we came to a place in the forest, we are now safe with the ritual dance of protection from evil spirits around the fire they lit. We took lots of pictures on the sacred big rock, set the sun down and completed the day.

We cannot say that the majority of these people have not left their village until the last 10 years, they have never met white people in their lives, and they are still fully adapted to foreigners.

**

We are on the road early in the morning, heading east to the Fulani nomads, known as the gypsies of Africa, in the Buaundialii region on the border with Burkina Faso. They earn their living by feeding zebu animals, a type of cattle. Fulani nomads do not have an identity card, do not go to school, do not marry anyone who is not their own, cross the border to their relatives in the neighboring Burkina Faso, and no one asks them for documents. It is one of the colorful tribes of Africa. When women get married, they get tattoos on their lips to make it obvious that they’re married.

The region is predominantly Muslim, so there must be a mosque. We go to the Kotou Mosque, which was built by the Fotona family in the 17th century in Mali architecture. The most popular style of the period of the neighboring Kingdom of Mali is the mud-brick mosque. It is small but has the characteristics of its style and is still working today, but only those who are competent in religious matters can worship here. It’s a really interesting building. Right next to it is another newly built mosque where everyone can worship.

The Kingdom of Mali is a powerful state that has ruled here in the past, but the most important thing is that the King of Mali, Musa Keyta, is the richest person ever to have lived in the world. One day, Musa Keyta decided to go on a pilgrimage and distributed 100 camel loads as zakat to those who saw tens of thousands of gold bars on the way. That’s how it should be when you’re rich, let history always talk about you!

 

We are going to the village of Dara, which has a strictly ritualistic lifestyle that adheres to its rules, to the Pato, the most interesting tribe here. When you come to the village, this is not a place where you can say “Let’s go down and take a picture”. Although they know about our visit, a final confirmation from the tribe’s chief is required. Unexpectedly, groups of men and women in different clothes are walking around dancing to the music. The guide accompanying us constantly warns us with enthusiasm and insistence, “Don’t take pictures, we’ll get into trouble”. At first, it was not understood what was going on, after a while, when the ceremony was over, an explanation was made. It was the funeral ceremony of the elder of the tribe, and in the case of a photograph or an outside ritual event, it could cause a public reaction as it would mean great harm to the soul of the deceased. We had similar troublesome events in the past, anyway, we didn’t have any problems, the approval came from the great chief and he accepted us.

Fire in the middle, girls and boys dancing around it to the music. A different ritual dance that is obviously very meaningful. Girls’ virgin dance. When girls reach puberty, they must live alone in the forest for a certain period of time as the first stage, and this ceremony is held when they return to their village at the end of the process. This event is very important for a person to be an individual, to be respected in the tribe and to get married. After two more difficult tests, he will be among the respected names of the tribe. All women in the village have to do this three-step action. This means that the woman shows that she can protect her child, family and village even under the most difficult conditions. The chief conducts the ceremony, which starts with the whip that the village chief turns over his head and cracks. He extinguishes the fire lit at the beginning of the ceremony by sitting on it, and the ceremony ends. The fire isn’t just a smoldering fire either, it’s a big blazing fire, the guy sat on it, turned his butt around and put out the big fire, if they do this dance often, the chief’s ass will finally catch fire! That’s what it’s like to be a chef here. In fact, it was his show of strength. We later learned that the chief’s twisting and cracking of the whip was to prevent the evil spirits within us from harming the village. We learned that there are many virgin girls in the village, the chief’s mabad can be charred.

As for men, they too must pass through a more difficult three-stage, hands-on journey in order to become individuals in the village and gain marriage status.

Now come and try to marry a girl from this tribe, let’s see how many days you can live alone in the forest naked.

These are not places where foreigners and tourists come and visit. The tribes we visit share their true cultures, traditions and a part of their lives with us, of course, we are informed in advance, we are told that we want to get to know them, that we will take pictures, and if they agree, we go. The visiting calendar is tried to coincide with the days of ritual dances, or if possible, they can be postponed for a few days. The Pato tribe is a tribe with strict rules.

You cannot understand everything with reason and logic in Africa, you have to think like an African and feel Africa in your heart to understand these places.

It has been a challenging, exciting, beautiful day, we have a long way to go, we are going east, we will spend the night in the city of Korhogo.

**

Today we go to the village of Klofon fetishes in the Korhogo region. Africa is a place with lots of children, as soon as you start to get out of the car, you are surrounded by children, it is difficult to understand where so many children come from all of a sudden. This is a village where the animist belief is dominant, men can have four wives and in such cases they have their wives’ houses built right around their own house, so that it will be close. Do you think this is what they call modernity! In the middle of the village, there is a hut, which is considered a high cylindrical temple with a cone-shaped roof, where all the fetishes of the village are located.

Before the monsoon rains that will start in April, the roof of the temple and then the roofs of all the houses must be renewed and repaired. This is a work that all the villagers do together every year.

It is possible to see fetish and sanctity everywhere in Africa. We’re going to the holy mountain Tenufo fetish. People come here to solve the problems they cannot solve through the sacred values and fetishes they believe in. Here, too, it is accepted that the holy mountain has a spirit, and a request is made from God through this spirit. If they wish, they must come and slaughter animals such as roosters, cook and eat here, and spend the night on the mountain or under the sacred stone.

There are three mountains and three fetishes here. These are good and evil fetish, mother python fetish, ancestors fetish. There is also the sacred forest nearby, where only mages can enter, where they renew their power.

In fact, we have the same attitudes; Believers go to shrines for the things they want to happen, make vows, tie rags, go to teachers and have them read, go to teachers with strong breath so that my spirit will come out and my fortune will be opened, or many things such as evil eye beads, thistles, lead pouring are also fetishes in our culture. These are people from the pre-Muslim past, from the shamanic culture.

We go to the antique shops, there are lots of old masks and statues in the houses on the streets, the enthusiast can find quite interesting pieces here. Afterwards, let’s go to the market and see what’s out there, fabrics, dresses, jewelry, etc. Korhogo is one of the big cities and this is the big city market! But there isn’t much.

We’re going to the region where the Boloy tribe lives. They make a statement with the movements such as jumping, jumping, somersaulting under the influence of the overalls-like clothes that cover their whole body so that their faces are not visible, and they drive away evil spirits. The ritual dance began with the accompaniment of a musical instrument made from something like a large pumpkin. Movements such as somersaults, reverse flips. We expelled the evil spirits here too, it’s okay, nothing will happen to us. All dances are loaded with different expressions.

The clothes they wear are meaningful. Some of them wear uniform spotted panther-like clothing, they are the ones who convey messages from the sacred forest to the tribal people and those who will attain the level of wisdom in the future, some of their clothes from top to bottom half patterned like a panther and the other half unpatterned these are also the warriors of the tribe, there are also the black ones, these are the village magic or those responsible for healing by suggestion.

During the performance, someone fell to the ground and ran away quickly, meaning that he was put out of the environment by the spirits due to his failure. They carry a branch they brought from the sacred forest to protect themselves, believing that it gives them strength and will. In Africa, trees and forests are sacred, they are not cut down or harmed. White people cut forests because they are civilized and love to protect nature!

Everywhere we see the long-beaked big-bellied symbol of the mythological bird. The “bird of Calao” is mythologically a symbol figure that is a mixture of rooster (symbolizing pride), stork (fertility), crane (eternal life and wisdom). The navel is swollen, the beak is long and comes down to the navel and covers the navel. The bulge in the belly represents wisdom. It means the infinity of wisdom as a whole, its pride, and discussing its wisdom with those who do not understand.

“Religion and superstitions are the cure for despair.”

We finished the day.

**

We go south to the city of Bauake, we have a long way to go, through villages, residential areas, bazaars and markets, stopping at some of them and wandering around, we finally arrive at Bauaka. As you get closer to the coastline, a little more development is noticed on the roads and houses than in the north.

We will visit the Baule tribe, one of the most populous tribes in Africa. It is the most politically influential ethnic group in the country, and all political candidates knock on their door at election time.

We’re going to see the ritual dances of this tribe. In the ritual, which is a reflection of the belief in animism, they wear masks in the sacred forest and come in costumes like skirts made of reeds and make statements by accompanying the music played in the square.

In the ritual expressed as the Goli Mask, one of the mask wearers represents the woman and the other represents the man. The Bauake tribe is a patriarchal structure, the woman is not far ahead, so the masked mask representing the woman is actually male. According to the ritual, this woman’s dance expresses her devotion to the man and her place in the tribe. The female moon represents the male sun, and the moon should revolve around the sun, that is, the man, without any problem and without question. In the second part, one of the masks represents the mythological sacred animal Goli, and the other mask comes to control the people, to observe the problems and wrongdoings. Of course, most importantly, they protect the village from evil spirits. A beautiful high rhythm dance. They did this dance to protect us from evil spirits.

The masks used in the dances are kept in the sacred forest and it is strictly forbidden to enter the forest and touch the masks except by the authorities, otherwise the wrath of evil spirits is feared.

We are in a beautiful boutique hotel that reflects the characteristic values of this place at night, in the middle of which gazelles roam between the tables. In the evening, we enjoy the night with a nice meal.

Hotels and restaurants where you will get certain services in Africa are not cheap as it is thought, but restaurants and hotels where ordinary people can go are really cheap!

**

We are going to Yamoussoukro, the capital of the country. There are textile villages on our way nearby. They make local weaving, first they weave on looms made of 20 cm wide meters of extremely primitive tree branches, then add them side by side and cut them into suitable lengths. It seems that it has started to become touristic, albeit a little bit, there are a few people who want money right away, the prices are high, they started to lower it later, but it’s late, keep going.

We go to the village of Bauafle, near Bauake, to the Akan tribe Zauli ritual dances, a dance formed in 1950 by a woman named Zaouli, a combination of traditional dances. Its content tells the life and struggle of Akan tribal women and is attributed to a woman named Zaouli, the creator of the dance. The clothes are more original than before, slightly modernized and coloured. The dance is about a woman telling another woman about her life and what to do. The dance has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

After this meaningful show, we continue south to Yamoussoukro, the official capital of Ivory Coast.

The history of this place is important; Yamoussoukro, 274 km from Abidjan, where most of the government offices and foreign embassies are located and with an estimated population of 400,000, has been the capital of the country since 1983, but some of the state affairs are carried out in the old capital Abijan, as there may be some difficulties in running things here. In fact, Abidjan is like the de facto capital, where most of the government work is done. If you ask why Yamoussoukro is the official capital; For more than three decades after Ivory Coast gained independence in 1960, Yamoussoukro served as the country’s capital because it was the birthplace, home, and unofficial headquarters of Ivory Coast President Félix Houphouët-Boigny.

Yamoussoukro has buildings that reflect its importance as a national capital. Physically the largest Christian Church in the world, the Basilica of Our Lady of Yamoussoukro, modeled after St. Blessed by John Paul. The cathedral, which was built in the form of a basilica, entered the Guinness World Records as the largest church in the world. It has an area of 30,000 m² and a height of 158 meters and has a seating capacity of 11,000. It’s a really big and magnificent building. It seems that the church is working, but it is not known how many congregations it has, it seems that the working staff is more than the sum of the monthly worshipers.

We go to the palace of Félix Houphouët-Boigny, after whom the capital is named. When we say we are going, we can only look from afar, there is no entrance or visit. It is a magnificent structure built on a very large land in the middle of the city, there is a water channel about 100 meters wide around the land as security, and hundreds of crocodiles live here. The man, however, protected from his people. The president has died, a new president has been elected, but his family still lives in that palace. I guess we are no different from Africa, we are on the same path!

**

We came south again to Abidjan. We go to Fenico, the laundry place on the street. The middle and low-income people generally have to live in very simple, single rooms, some of which do not have water or electricity. They do not have the opportunity to wash their own laundry. The right system has been created for this situation. Someone collects the laundry from where you live, brings it to a place called Fenico, where the laundry is washed in the stream and delivered back to the house for a small fee. In the turbid and almost black running water, many men wash the laundry that has been placed separately in the truck tires so that they do not mix. Dozens of men up to their waists try to wash the clothes, sometimes with a little soap, sometimes by beating them, on a stone or a truck tire, and then they are laid on the ground and dried in the sun. Different images. Most of the workers are from Burkina Faso, who are refugees here. Color images.

Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix Basilica located in Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Ivory Coast, built in 1983 by the country’s first president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny. It is a basilica with an area of 30,000 m², a height of 158 meters and a seating capacity of 11,000, and entered the Guinness World Records as the largest church in the world. It is truly a magnificent building.

Abidjan Cathedral is a large modern building built between 1980-1985. The exterior and interior architecture of the Cathedral is different from other churches. It’s beautiful, well-kept and clean, but it doesn’t seem to have many people coming and going.

We are going to Abidja’s biggest market, you can find many traditional and cultural objects, different and different masks, if you are curious. Bargaining is very important, don’t hesitate, if they want a hundred, start the bargain by giving ten, you’ll agree.

In Abidjan city museum, you can see ancient lives, real old masks used by different tribes.

**

Animism; The rituals, dances, traditions and lifestyles of the tribes living in rural areas, especially in West Africa, are shaped according to the belief known as Animism. Well, if we take a brief look at what Animism is;

It is a belief that argues that all plants and animals in the universe, creatures such as stones and soil, even the sky and even natural events such as rain, hail and lightning, have a soul. These spirits are thought to influence people, for better or for worse, in connection with our behavior.

It emerged with the mixing of sleep and wakefulness, that is, what they see while asleep and what they see while awake are considered one. He thinks that an event he sees in his sleep is actually happening, or he thinks that something that comes to his mind is due to the influence of spirits, and he manages his behavior by accepting that it is a message. It is the assumption that there is a spirit wandering out of our body. That is, the reason for everything is related to the spirits, and it is believed that when something is done to anger the spirits, evil or disaster will occur.

Every imaginable behavior in life, such as happiness, fear, war, peace, birth, marriage, joy, sadness, natural events, is related to spirits and in order to affect the result, it is necessary to communicate with spirits, not to anger them, and for this, dance, the power of masks, objects or fetishes. are needed. Life in West Africa has been shaped according to the widespread belief of animism, cultures, traditions and dances are always done in connection with and for spirits.

**

We started our journey from Abidjan, the most important commercial and social city of Ivory Coast, first we went to the northwest, then we came back to Abidjan from the east and then from the south. On this route, we saw the characteristic traditions of West Africa, the cultures and lives changing between cities and regions, we visited many tribes, watched the ritual dances of each tribe that meant very different things from the other, talked to people, chatted.

Africa is actually a mineral-rich place on its territory. However, due to the fact that the weather is generally very hot, living conditions and traditions and people tend to be lazy, the European who discovered these places built their own welfare level on the wealth of these places, and they accepted their fate because they did not fight too much in the war of liberation. West Africa is actually much greener and wooded than it is thought, and there is a lot of land suitable for agriculture.

If you do not think about Africa like an African, do not keep Africa in your heart, look at Africa with criticizing eyes without knowing the geography, if you do not know the history of Africa and its suppressed oppression, you cannot understand Africa.

With the tribes that are the real owners of Africa, their extraordinary dances and rituals, the ancient indispensable rituals and traditions of Africa, Ivory Coast is an unforgettable cartoon-like place worth seeing in the mysterious lands of West Africa.

 

best regards

Hayrettin Kagnici

November 2022