{"id":13723,"date":"2021-12-01T16:05:50","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T13:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hayrettinkagnici.com\/?p=13723"},"modified":"2022-01-01T13:45:11","modified_gmt":"2022-01-01T10:45:11","slug":"ozbekistan-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hayrettinkagnici.com\/tr\/ozbekistan-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Tacikistan 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin co\u011frafi olarak nerede oldu\u011funu biliyoruz ama gene de hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m; g\u00fcneyinde Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019a, do\u011fusunda \u00c7in\u2019e, kuzeyinde K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a kom\u015fu, 143.000 km2 <\/sup>y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip, 10 milyon n\u00fcfuslu, ba\u015fkenti Du\u015fanbe, Orta Asya\u2019da denize \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hanefi ve S\u00fcnni mezhebine mensup, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclke. Ba\u015fkent Du\u015fanbe, Tacik dilinde Pazartesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu ismi de ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Varzob ve Kofarnihon Nehirlerinin birle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alanda pazartesi g\u00fcnleri kurulan pazardan al\u0131r. 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyet Cumhuriyetlerine kat\u0131l\u0131nca pamuk ve ipek \u00fcretimi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131mlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 1992\u2019de ba\u015flayan, be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren i\u00e7 sava\u015fa ra\u011fmen h\u0131zla toparlanan Du\u015fanbe, bug\u00fcn Orta Asya\u2019da ekonomik potansiyeliyle \u00f6nemli bir merkez durumunda. \u00dclke n\u00fcfusunun 1 milyonu Du\u015fanbe\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yor, Sovyetler d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131 muhafaza edilmi\u015f ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Aryan etnik k\u00f6keni olan ve \u201cKuzeyden gelen beyazlar\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Tacikler, uzun y\u0131llar \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Fars\u00e7an\u0131n leh\u00e7esi olan Tacik\u00e7e konu\u015furlar ve Orta Asya\u2019da T\u00fcrk soyundan olmayan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayan tek halkt\u0131r. Tacikistan, eski Perslerin, So\u011fdlar\u0131n ve Samanilerin do\u011fal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve yerle\u015fik uygarl\u0131k temsilcileri olarak kabul edilirler. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca \u0130slam \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kom\u015fu T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131yla birlikte geleneksel ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrkistan\u2019\u0131n Rus egemenli\u011fine girmesi ile ba\u015flayan yeni s\u00fcre\u00e7te Tacikler de di\u011fer topluluklar gibi, Sovyet y\u00f6netimi ve kimli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Orta Asya, “G\u00fcne\u015fin Aya\u011f\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen Pamir Da\u011flar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n %93\u2019\u00fc da\u011fl\u0131k olup n\u00fcfusun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 buralarda ya\u015far. Pamir Da\u011flar\u0131nda Pamir\u00ee, Badah\u015fan\u00ee veya Da\u011f Tacikleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yedi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etnik gruptan olu\u015fan yerli topluluklar ya\u015far ve her birinin konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 lisan ve geleneksel k\u0131yafetleri farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adlar\u0131n\u0131 Pamir Da\u011flar\u0131ndan alan Pamiriler, Tacik \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda toplanmakla birlikte, Tacik halk\u0131ndan inan\u00e7, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve kendilerini \u00f6ncelikle \u0130\u015fka\u015fimi, Ru\u015fani, \u015eugni, Wahi, Yazgulami gibi\u00a0 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 vadilerin ad\u0131yla adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Afganistan, Pakistan ve k\u0131smen \u00c7in\u2019de az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak bulunan Pamiriler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lge, genelde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinen en y\u00fcksek yeridir. Pamirlerde bulunan Fed\u00e7enko, d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck buzul da\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, idari ve b\u00f6lgesel bak\u0131mdan d\u00f6rt b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: do\u011frudan merkezi y\u00f6netime ba\u011fl\u0131 yerler, Du\u015fanbe (eski ad\u0131yla Leninobod), So\u011fd vilayeti, Hatlon vilayeti, da\u011fl\u0131k Badah\u015fan \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n

Demografik olarak, Tacikistan n\u00fcfusun %79,9\u2019u Tacik, %15,3\u2019\u00fc \u00d6zbek, %1,1\u2019i Rus, %1,1\u2019i K\u0131rg\u0131z, %2,2\u2019si T\u00fcrkmen, Tatar, K\u0131rg\u0131z Kore ve etnik topluluklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya tarihinde bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fck edebiyat\u00e7\u0131, filozof, bilim adamlar\u0131ndan olan \u0130bn-i Sina, Firdevsi, Haf\u0131z, Saadi, \u00d6mer Hayyam, Sadrettin Ayni gibi ustalar\u0131n ruh ve ayak izlerini burada g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

Sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Du\u015fanbe\u2019ye geliyoruz, ilk dikkatimi \u00e7eken, geni\u015f, ayd\u0131nl\u0131k caddeler, d\u00fczg\u00fcn binalar. Gelmeden epey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, Covid durumu nedir, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015far m\u0131y\u0131z diye, arada baz\u0131 yerlerde maskeli insanlar var ama genelde pek ra\u011fbet yok. Biz \u00e7ift maskeyle dola\u015f\u0131yoruz. Covid salg\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Kazakistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan, Tacikistan uzun s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kapam\u0131\u015flar, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelenleri almam\u0131\u015flar, buras\u0131 yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikli yerler aras\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de pek s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f. Bunun etkisi de g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, vaka say\u0131s\u0131 \u015fimdilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Turizm, bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli gelirlerden biri, durum s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00fclkeler gibi bunlar da turistlere kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinde T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 sempati var, ilgi g\u00f6steriyorlar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnlerin isimleri dikkatimi \u00e7ekti, Pazar birinci g\u00fcn, sonraki g\u00fcnler ikinci g\u00fcn, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn diye devam ediyor. Yani; pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cyek\u015fenbe\u201d, pazartesi \u201cdu\u015fenbe\u201d, sal\u0131 \u201cse\u015fenbe\u201d, \u00e7ar\u015famba \u201ccar\u015fanbe\u201d, per\u015fembe \u201cpenc\u015fenbe\u201d, diye devam ediyor. Tavla oynayanlar bilir, gelen zarlar Fars\u00e7a s\u00f6ylenir, benzer durum.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

Tacikistan G\u00fczel Sanatlar Ulusal M\u00fczesinde, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k tarihini yans\u0131tan arkeolojik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, geleneksel objeler, 20\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131l ressamlar\u0131na ait ya\u011fl\u0131 boya tablolar, Tacik halk\u0131n\u0131n sosyal ili\u015fkileri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131, seramik, hal\u0131, m\u00fccevher ve \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fczik aletleri gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yans\u0131tan e\u015fyalar bulunmakta. En ilgi \u00e7ekici eser Nirvana Buda. Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n 1600 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck Buda heykeli, yatar \u015fekilde olan heykel 13 metre uzunlu\u011funda. G\u00fcney Tacikistan\u2019da tarihi \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde Kurgan-Tepe kaz\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sovyet arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Rudaki Park; <\/strong>Klasik Fars edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu, \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat\u00e7\u0131 ve \u015fair Muhammed Rudaki ad\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015fehrin simgesel noktalar\u0131ndan biri haline gelen Rudaki Park, rengarenk \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ve y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131yla Du\u015fanbe halk\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131kla ziyaret etti\u011fi noktalardan biridir. Sadece ye\u015fillikten ibaret olmayan parktaki havuzun ortas\u0131nda buraya ad\u0131n\u0131 veren Rudaki\u2019nin heykeli bulunuyor. Du\u015fanbe\u2019nin en g\u00fczel parklar\u0131ndan olan Rudaki Park, d\u00fczenli gezinti yollar\u0131 ve solmayan \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri ile g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer yerlerden.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz Du\u015fanbe\u2019yi dola\u015fmaya, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir botanik bah\u00e7e var ve i\u00e7inde her \u00e7e\u015fit a\u011fa\u00e7 bulunuyor. Ana caddeler beklenenden d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve g\u00fczel. \u00c7ok say\u0131da kale var bu b\u00f6lgede, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan bask\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 ortak m\u00fccadele etmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Kaleler, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n tehlike an\u0131nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, korunakl\u0131 yerler, ayn\u0131 zamanda sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131. Bu kalelerin en \u00f6nemli olanlar\u0131ndan Hissar Kalesi\u2019ne gidiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Hissar Kalesi;<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde, tepelik bir mevkide, 86 hektar alan \u00fczerinde, Orta Asya’daki en eski ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck mimari an\u0131tlardan biri. Bug\u00fcn zanaat ve ticaretin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, kentsel d\u00fczende yerle\u015fim yeri.<\/p>\n

Uzun s\u00fcre Buhara emiri valisinin ikametgah\u0131 ve devlet birliklerinin bulundu\u011fu \u00fcs olarak kullan\u0131lan kalenin 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tamamlanabilmi\u015ftir. 1918’den 1933’e kadar devam eden i\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda kale ve \u00e7evresi b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras olarak kabul edilmi\u015f, ba\u015flayan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 2002\u2019de tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hissar Kalesi\u2019nin bir metre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ate\u015f tu\u011flalar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan duvarlar\u0131nda silah ve top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in bo\u015fluklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buhara Emirli\u011fi’nin geleneksel feodal askeri mimari tarz\u0131nda sade bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahip olan kalenin giri\u015finde, her iki tarafta silindirik g\u00f6zetleme kuleleri taraf\u0131ndan korunan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kap\u0131, kaleye heybetli bir hava vermi\u015f. Hissar Kale, bug\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi olarak ziyaret edilebiliyor.<\/p>\n

2011\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 20. y\u0131l\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na dikilen, \u015fehrin her yerinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilen 165 metre uzunlu\u011funda direk ve 3×30 metre boyutundaki bayrak, buran\u0131n simgesi olmu\u015f, Guinness Rekorlar Kitab\u0131\u2019na da girmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin sembol\u00fc, ba\u015fkent Du\u015fanbe’nin ortas\u0131nda Rudaki Caddesi ba\u015f\u0131nda, Meydan-\u0131 Dust\u0131\u2019de Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n kurucusu ve milli kahraman\u0131 \u015eah \u0130smail Samani\u2019nin muhte\u015fem heykeli kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda.<\/p>\n

Samani ismi ayn\u0131 zamanda, Tacikistan Afganistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Pamir S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131nda ve Himalayalar\u2019\u0131n en kuzey kollar\u0131nda bulunan 7495 metrelik zirvesinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. 892 tarihinde tahta \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130smail Samani 907 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6neminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra emirlik g\u00f6revini de y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Emirli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde devletin ba\u015fkentini Horasan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131yan \u0130smail Samani, 907 y\u0131l\u0131nda Buhara kentinde vefat etmi\u015f ve kendisine g\u00f6rkemli bir t\u00fcrbe in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130smail Samani\u2019nin etkisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve Tacikistan resmi para birimine \u0130smail Samani ismi verilmi\u015ftir ayr\u0131ca 100\u2019l\u00fck banknotta \u0130smail Samani\u2019nin fig\u00fcr\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131 ile eski ad\u0131 Lenin Meydan\u0131 olan b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan\u0131n ad\u0131, \u015eah \u0130smail Samani Meydan\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f. Buras\u0131 \u00fclkenin s\u0131f\u0131r (0) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 kabul ediliyor. Yani ba\u015fka bir \u015fehre veya bir yere olan mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yeri buras\u0131. Hani Ankara\u2019dan gelirken yolda \u0130stanbul 260 yazar da 260 km sonras\u0131n\u0131n Gebze mi, Silivri mi, oldu\u011fu belli de\u011fildir ya i\u015fte burada her \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131k, mesafeler bu heykelin oldu\u011fu yerden ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yeni evlenen Tacik gelin ve damatlar, nikahtan sonra \u015eah \u0130smail Samani heykelinin \u00f6n\u00fcne gelip sayg\u0131 ifadesi olarak foto\u011fraf \u00e7ektirirler. Her ne kadar potansiyel gelin adaylar\u0131 aram\u0131zda olsa da (!) netice yoktu ama biz gene kurallara uyduk, resim \u00e7ektirdik.<\/p>\n

Du\u015fanbe\u2019nin \u00f6nemli caddelerinden Sadrettin Ayni\u2019deyiz. Gayet g\u00fczel d\u00fckkanlar, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ma\u011fazalar\u0131, T\u00fcrk restoranlar\u0131, cadde hareketli, kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za derinden keyifli m\u00fczik geliyor, sesin geldi\u011fi yere do\u011fru y\u00f6neldi\u011fimizde, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze cadde ile ayni isimde olan Sadrettin Ayni Opera ve Bale Merkezi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hafiften s\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fck, \u00fcst katta, ak\u015famki konser i\u00e7in son prova.\u00a0Oturduk bir yere, bir saate yak\u0131n harika opera g\u00f6sterisi, oh kulaklar\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7ok iyi geldi. Laf aram\u0131zda, burada b\u00f6yle bir performans beklemiyordum, son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131, iyi geldi, \u00e7ok keyif ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Tacikistan milli \u015fairi ve en \u00f6nemli entelekt\u00fcellerinden Sadrettin Ayni\u2019nin ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezinde, ilk Tacik balesi \u201c\u0130ki G\u00fcl\u201d 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda sergilenmi\u015f. Tacikistan balesini d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tan \u00fcnl\u00fc balerin Melike Sabirova ile yine d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Tacik dans\u00e7\u0131 Melike Kalenderova burada sahne al\u0131yor. Yap\u0131 Bilibin taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve 1939\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Opera ve Bale Tiyatrosu, mimarisi ve i\u00e7 s\u00fcslemeleriyle ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n

Nevruz Saray;<\/strong> \u00f6nemli mekanlar aras\u0131nda. \u0130ki tarafl\u0131 geni\u015f merdivenler ile \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck ha\u015fmetli bir binay\u0131, geleneksel k\u0131yafetleri ile rehberlik yapan bir han\u0131mefendi ile dola\u015f\u0131yoruz. Du\u015fanbe\u2019nin g\u00f6zde yerlerinden biri, \u00fcst d\u00fczey toplant\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da toplant\u0131 odas\u0131 olan, muhte\u015femlik seviyesinde ah\u015fap, mermer ve al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fczeri alt\u0131n varak kaplama ile s\u00fcslenmi\u015f, sanatsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla dekore edilmi\u015f salonlar var.\u00a0Ah\u015fap kakma i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi,\u00a0mermer oyma ve r\u00f6lyef is\u00e7ilikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer do\u011frusu.\u00a0Tabii ki geleneksel olarak abart\u0131 h\u00e2kim olsa da g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 taraflar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uluslararas\u0131, ulusal, resmi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firket toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mek\u00e2n durumunda. Ayr\u0131ca paray\u0131 verirseniz d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, ni\u015fan gibi etkinlikler de yap\u0131labiliyor, bize g\u00f6re de gayet makul seviyede fiyatlar, akl\u0131n\u0131zda olsun. \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc diye bilinen, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan uluslararas\u0131 ticari ve ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fi konular\u0131nda anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan, Rusya, \u00c7in, Kazakistan, Tacikistan, \u00d6zbekistan ve K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcye oldu\u011fu topluluk da toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 burada yap\u0131yor. Dola\u015f\u0131yoruz b\u00fct\u00fcn odalar\u0131, \u00e7ok emek, \u00e7ok el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, gayet g\u00fczel bir yer Nevruz Saray\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n

1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Tacikistan, \u00d6zbekistan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Kazakistan, Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri olma kimliklerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu devletler kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re birine yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol ve y\u00f6netiminde ortak tav\u0131r alabilecekler.<\/p>\n

\u0130smaili K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi;<\/strong> Merakla bekledi\u011fim A\u011fa Han\u2019\u0131n mimarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 olan \u0130sm\u00e2ili K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezine gidiyoruz. Asl\u0131nda buras\u0131 \u015eiili\u011fin alt kollar\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130sm\u00e2ilik mezhebine ait cami ve k\u00fclliye \u015feklinde bir merkez. Buraya \u00f6nceden bilgi verip onay ve randevu alarak gelmeniz gerek, giremezsiniz i\u00e7eri. Mimari olarak farkl\u0131 ama g\u00fczel ve bak\u0131ml\u0131, her ta\u015f\u0131n, her g\u00f6rselin anlam\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir yap\u0131. G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc rehber e\u015fli\u011finde geziyoruz, b\u00fcy\u00fck, son derece bak\u0131ml\u0131 ve temiz. Buras\u0131 gen\u00e7lik, e\u011fitim, sosyal ve ibadet merkezi olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan modern bir k\u00fclliye. Geleneksel mimariye uygun in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131 i\u00e7in tu\u011fla Semerkant\u2019tan, mermer Tacikistan\u2019dan, ah\u015faplar Malezya ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019ten, cam \u0130talya\u2019dan sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ancak yap\u0131 Tacikistan, Buhara, Semerkant geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130nanca g\u00f6re do\u011fan\u0131n kutsiyetini tarif eden d\u00f6rt element olan hava, toprak, su, ate\u015f bir karenin d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fesinde sembolize ediliyor. Binan\u0131n tavanlar\u0131nda ve bir\u00e7ok yerde bu d\u00f6rt elementi sembolize eden i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f kare \u015fekilleri g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Toplant\u0131 salonlar\u0131, e\u011fitim yap\u0131lan yerler, idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmler, her taraf hakk\u0131nda bilgi al\u0131yoruz. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u0130smailiye tarikat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Cemaat evi denilen cami k\u0131sm\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar ayr\u0131 kap\u0131dan girseler de ayn\u0131 ortamda namaz k\u0131labiliyorlar. Anla\u015f\u0131lan kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer \u0130slami tarikatlarda oldu\u011fu gibi bask\u0131, ezme, yok sayma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 yok. Baz\u0131 derin dini sorulara, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencisi olan rehber, \u201cBu beni a\u015far, din otoritelerine sormam gerekir.\u201d deme olgunlu\u011funu da g\u00f6sterebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Binada, \u0130smaili inanc\u0131n\u0131 remiz eden be\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck inan\u00e7 kulesi bulunuyor. Bunlardan \u015fah kule, Hz Muhammed\u2019i, di\u011ferleri de peygamberin k\u0131z\u0131 Fatma ve damad\u0131 Ali ile onlar\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 Hasan ile H\u00fcseyin\u2019e adanm\u0131\u015f. Camiye e\u015fleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile gelen aileler, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 buradaki oyun alan\u0131na b\u0131rakabiliyor ibadet ederken. \u0130smaili Cemaati genelde laik ve modern davran\u0131\u015f sergiliyor, 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin dini e\u011fitim almas\u0131 benimsenmiyor, dinsel tercihlerini ancak re\u015fit olduktan sonra yapabiliyorlar. Cemaat evine, iki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc koridordan ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor, anlam\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0131rslar\u0131n, \u00f6fkelerin, hasetliklerin buralarda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7eriye saf ve temiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle girmek. \u0130badet s\u0131ras\u0131nda ziyaret m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur mu diye soruldu\u011funda, buna s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yorlar, g\u00fcnde iki vakit namaz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131yor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da ibadet oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131yor yetkili. Merkezi Avrupa\u2019da olan ve inananlar\u0131n gelirlerini belli oranda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamas\u0131 ile \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck serveti olan \u0130smailiye mezhebinin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Avrupa\u2019da ya\u015fayan A\u011fa Han taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyor.<\/p>\n

Peki nedir \u0130smaili mezhebi ve kimdir A\u011fa Han?<\/p>\n

A\u011fa Han, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in en a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 inan\u00e7 sistemlerinden biri olan \u201c\u0130smailiye\u201d mezhebinin liderine verilen unvand\u0131r. \u0130smail\u00ee mezhebinin liderleri, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cA\u011fa Han\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Mezhebin 46. imam\u0131 olan Hasan Ali \u015eah 1887\u2019de \u201cBirinci A\u011fa Han\u201d, o\u011flu Ali \u015eah \u201c\u0130kinci A\u011fa Han\u201d oldu; onun o\u011flu olan \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc A\u011fa Han\u201d Sultan Muhammed de siyas\u00ee faaliyetleri ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131 ile \u201cA\u011fa Han\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada me\u015fhur etti. A\u011fa Han \u00fcnvanl\u0131 \u0130smailiye liderlerinin genelde Avrupal\u0131 ve Amerikal\u0131 g\u00fczel kad\u0131nlar ile evlenmeleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck nafakalar \u00f6deyerek bo\u015fanmalar\u0131 d\u00fcnya bas\u0131n\u0131nda hep yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve en me\u015fhur A\u011fa Han ise, Fransa\u2019da bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fine 620 milyon euro nafaka \u00f6demi\u015ftir. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Kerim el-H\u00fcseyn\u00ee olan A\u011fa Han, bu unvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fidir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan 20 milyon kadar \u0130smail\u00ee\u2019nin gelirlerinin sekizde biri, mezhep kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fi A\u011fa Han ailesinin banka hesaplar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu paralar k\u00e2rl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa Han<\/strong> olarak bilinen, Cenevre, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de do\u011fan, annesi \u0130ngiliz manken Barbara Yarde olan IV. A\u011fa Han\u2019\u0131n as\u0131l ad\u0131 Kerim El-H\u00fcseyin \u015eah\u2019t\u0131r ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesinde \u0130slam Tarihi e\u011fitimi alarak mezun olmu\u015ftur ve halen \u0130smailiye tarikat\u0131n\u0131n 49. lideridir. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda dedesi III. Muhammed \u015eah A\u011fa Han \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, babas\u0131 Prens Ali \u015eah, artist Rita Haywoth ile evlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in ona verilmeyen \u201cA\u011fa Han\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131 Kerim El-H\u00fcseyin \u015eah\u2019a verilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa Han, yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 milyar dolar serveti ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin kraliyet ailelerindendir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketleri, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli gayri menkulleri ve \u00e7ok de\u011ferli y\u00fczlerce atlar\u0131n sahibidir. 1969\u2019da \u0130ngiliz manken Sarah ile evlendiler, 26 y\u0131ll\u0131k evlilikten sonra 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda bo\u015fand\u0131lar, bu evlilikten biri k\u0131z, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman prensesi ve pop \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 Gabriel ile evlendi, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden bo\u015fand\u0131 ve bu evlilikten de bir o\u011flu oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130smailiye mensuplar\u0131 genelde, Hindistan, Pakistan, Tacikistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olsalar da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 okullarda yeti\u015ftirdikleri talebeler ile bu mezhebi yayma gayreti i\u00e7indedirler.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kendilerini gizleyerek inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130smailiye tarikat mensuplar\u0131, 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da hakimiyeti ele ge\u00e7iren Fatimiler d\u00f6neminde tan\u0131nmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130nan\u00e7taki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen sanata \u00f6nem vermi\u015fler ve bu konuda en bilinen isimlerinden biri de 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Hasan Sabah\u2019t\u0131r. Siyasi suikastlarda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fcritlerini, verdikleri ha\u015fha\u015f ile uyu\u015fturup y\u00f6nlendirmeleri nedeniyle zaman i\u00e7inde \u0130smailiye mezhebi \u201cHa\u015fha\u015filer\u201d olarak da an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bu terim giderek \u201csuikast\u00e7\u0131lar\u201d anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1977 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcllerinden biri olan \u201cA\u011fa Han Mimarl\u0131k \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d her \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir, \u0130slam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olarak temsil eden \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f mimari yap\u0131lara verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130smailiye mezhebinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 da di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn mezheplerin var olma sebebi olan Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra halife ve imam\u0131n kim olaca\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan olaylardan biri. Di\u011fer mezhepler gibi gerek kronolojik s\u0131ralamas\u0131 tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekse \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu rivayet temeli \u00fczerine oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in konu hakk\u0131nda yorum yapman\u0131n uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

Ziyaret etti\u011fimiz tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fczelerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcpler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck, yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Zerd\u00fc\u015ft dininden olanlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra kemiklerinin kondu\u011funu ve \u00f6lenlere sayg\u0131 olarak uygun \u015fekilde muhafaza edildi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fti. Madem konu buraya geldi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olarak nedir Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck<\/strong>; M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan MS 7. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar 3 b\u00fcy\u00fck Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun dini olan, i\u00e7erisinde d\u00fcalizm, yani zihin, ruh kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n bedenden ayr\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonu k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc Eskatolojik inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n ilk \u00f6rnekleri olan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski tek tanr\u0131c\u0131 vahiy dinidir. Bu dine inananlar Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u00e7\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor olup, bedenin, \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra dirilerek, Tanr\u0131 Ahura Mazda’n\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131na ve orada sorgulanacaklar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. \u0130ran\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yayg\u0131n olan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu dinin kutsal metni Avesta’d\u0131r ve ilk olarak Avestaca dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ahura Mazda’n\u0131n kelime anlam\u0131n\u0131 “bilgeli\u011fin efendisi, akl\u0131n efendisi”dir. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft Espantaman, bu dinin peygamberi kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck inanc\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli de\u011ferlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131n-erkek e\u015fitli\u011fi gelir ve bu inanc\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde tek e\u015flili\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok e\u015flili\u011fin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlara iyili\u011fin saf\u0131nda toplanmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyen bir inan\u00e7 sistemidir. Yoksullara c\u00f6mert olma, tembel olmay\u0131p bir \u00fcretimde bulunma, g\u00fcle\u00e7 ve misafirperver olma gibi de\u011ferleri esas al\u0131r. Ba\u015fta kedi, k\u00f6pek olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn hayvanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, zarar vermek g\u00fcnah say\u0131l\u0131r. Avesta\u2019da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; \u015fark\u0131 ve \u015fiir de Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckte \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Ate\u015f kutsal say\u0131l\u0131r, ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sembolize eder ve Tanr\u0131 Ahura Mazda\u2019y\u0131 simgeler, bu nedenle ate\u015fe sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir. Din adamlar\u0131 da ibadet ve rit\u00fceller esnas\u0131nda ate\u015fin kirlenmemesi i\u00e7in eldiven giyer ve a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 bir mendil ile kapat\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel olarak Zerd\u00fc\u015ftiler yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla bozulmamas\u0131, kirlenmemesi gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131rlar, bu nedenle \u00f6l\u00fclerin cesetleri topra\u011fa defnedilmek yerine \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k \u201cSessizlik Kuleleri\u201d denilen y\u00fcksek kulelere veya kayal\u0131klara b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Akbabalara, di\u011fer hayvanlara ve do\u011fal etkenlere kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde b\u0131rak\u0131lan cesetler, zaman i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr veya hayvanlara yiyecek olur, geriye kalan kemikler de toplan\u0131p \u201cOssuary\u201d denilen seramikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcp \u015feklinde kaplar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, \u201cNaus\u201d denilen \u00f6zel odalarda muhafaza edilir. Bu, o ki\u015finin mezar\u0131 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Su, toprak, hava ve ate\u015f, do\u011fal elementler olarak kabul edilir ve kutsal say\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fa olarak kabul edilen bu elementlerin kirletilmemesi gerekir, ate\u015fe, ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa veya g\u00fcne\u015fe bak\u0131larak ibadet edilmesi Zerd\u00fc\u015ft Espantaman taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130yilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesinde iyilik kazan\u0131r, do\u011fruyu, adaleti g\u00f6stererek karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, her t\u00fcr k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve karanl\u0131k kaybolacak, d\u00fcnyaya bar\u0131\u015f ve karde\u015flik h\u00e2kim olacakt\u0131r savunusundad\u0131r. \u00a0Tanr\u0131 Ahura Mazda\u2019n\u0131n, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kutsal kitabi Ahura Mazda sadece din kitab\u0131 de\u011fil, bilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr konular\u0131nda da yol g\u00f6stericidir.<\/p>\n

Zerd\u00fc\u015ft inanc\u0131n\u0131 temel felsefesi; do\u011fru \u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, do\u011fru konu\u015f, do\u011fru davran \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n

Konumuzun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k, yola devam ediyoruz;<\/p>\n

Sabah erken kuzeye, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n 2. b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri Khodjent\u2019e gidiyoruz. Yolumuz uzun, Fan Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan t\u0131rmanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k, hava giderek serinlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131 derken ciddi so\u011fudu, arabada kaloriferler a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 sonra da kar at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Karla kapl\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, bir taraf\u0131m\u0131z u\u00e7urum di\u011fer taraf\u0131m\u0131z dik ve sarp kayal\u0131k yollar aras\u0131ndan k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la t\u0131rmanmaya devam ettik. 4000 metrelerdeyiz, da\u011flar\u0131n tepesi karla kaplanm\u0131\u015f bile, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k -20 ile -40 aras\u0131nda, ya\u015fam\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu yerlerden. K\u0131sa kollu g\u00f6mlekle ba\u015flayan yolculuk, kat kat giyindi\u011fimiz kazak, mont ile da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan devam ediyor.\u00a0Arada verilen k\u0131sa molalar sonras\u0131nda Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u015fehirlerinden biri olan Istravshan\u2019a geldik. \u00c7evreyi tan\u0131ma turlar\u0131, yola devam. Buran\u0131n eski yerle\u015fim yerlerinden olan ve Kir\u2019ler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011fu bilinen Mug-Tepa da \u00f6nemli merkezlerden. Buralarda ya\u015fam da\u011flar\u0131n zirvesinde ge\u00e7iyor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma medrese, t\u00fcrbe ziyaretleri ve Namazgoh Cami. Bizi imam kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131 hem T\u00fcrk hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fumuzu \u00f6\u011frenince y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinden gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn tarihi anlatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, sonras\u0131nda hakk\u0131m\u0131zda hay\u0131rlar olsun diye dua ederek u\u011furlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011fmur bast\u0131rd\u0131, neyse ki yollar gayet d\u00fczg\u00fcn, karanl\u0131k bast\u0131, eski ad\u0131 Leninobod olan Khodjent \u015fehrine geldik.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

Khodjent \u015fehri<\/strong>; Ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerde, Leninobod, Ursaten ve Khudzhand olarak da bilinen, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 ile Khodjent yerle\u015fim yeri ilk defa M\u00d6 329 y\u0131l\u0131nda Makedonyal\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f ve as\u0131rlar boyunca \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde yollar\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi kav\u015fak konumunda olmu\u015ftur. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk \u00f6nce Araplar\u0131n istilas\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, sonra Samaniler ard\u0131ndan Karamanl\u0131lar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Mo\u011follar\u0131n istilas\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1866 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Orta Asya’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk \u00f6nce \u00d6zbekistan, 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Tacikistan SSCB’ne ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Khodjent kale;<\/strong> M\u00d6 6.-5. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda in\u015fa edilen, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131m en dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kalelerindendir. .15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Cengiz Han \u015fehri ku\u015fatmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 25.000 asker ve 50.000 Orta Asya mahkumlar\u0131 ile \u015fehri ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f, uzun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu kale tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve uzun s\u00fcre harabe halinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda yeniden onar\u0131lan kale, uzun y\u0131llar \u015fehrin savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tacikistan halk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadele tarihinin en parlak sayfalar\u0131ndan biri olan kale g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeniden restore edilerek tarih m\u00fczesi olarak ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

Orta Asya\u2019da Seyhun ve Ceyhun Nehirlerini \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Seyhun Nehri, Orta Asya’n\u0131n en uzun nehirlerinden biridir ve do\u011fuda Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131ndan kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alan Narin Derya ile Kara Derya Nehirlerinin birle\u015fmesiyle meydana gelir. Seyhun, sakin, kendi halinde akan ve b\u00f6lgesel olarak gizli, sakl\u0131 nehir anlam\u0131na gelen Siri Derya olarak bilinir. Siri Derya yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tam alt\u0131nda ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne akan ba\u015fka bir nehir daha tespit edilmi\u015f, bu da buraya fakl\u0131 anlamlar y\u00fcklenmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ceyhun, Afganistan i\u00e7inde Pamir ve Hinduku\u015f Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi yerde, yakla\u015f\u0131k 4950 m rak\u0131mdaki kayna\u011f\u0131ndan Aksu veya Pen\u00e7 Irma\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda do\u011farak bat\u0131ya do\u011fru ilerler ve di\u011fer nehirlerle beslenerek Seyhun’un aksine aktif co\u015fkulu olarak akar. B\u00f6lgesel olarak Ceyhun Nehri, Amut Derya olarak da bilinir. Bu iki nehir aras\u0131, Mavera\u00fcnnehir diye bilinen yerler, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n en verimli topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. Khodjent, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n en bereketli topraklar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgededir.<\/p>\n

Karakum Baraj Havzas\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli su havzas\u0131 olup, kaz\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda bulunan arkeolojik eserler bug\u00fcn m\u00fczede g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. Etraf\u0131 ye\u015fillenmi\u015f, dinlendirici, sakinlik veren bir yer haline gelmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Arbob Saray\u0131; <\/strong>Khujand \u015fehrinde, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n tarihinde \u00f6nemli yeri olan saraylardan biridir Arbob Saray\u0131.1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olma m\u00fccadelesine giren Tacikistan\u2019da i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flar. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda dini devlet \u015feriat \u015feklinde y\u00f6netim isteyenlerle, cumhuriyet yanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olur. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f boyutunda olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda y\u00fcz binlerce asker, sivil Tacik \u00f6l\u00fcr, bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 da ba\u015fta Afganistan olmak \u00fczere ba\u015fka yerlere ka\u00e7mak zorunda kal\u0131rlar. \u00a01994 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130mam Ali Rahman, her iki taraf\u0131n millet vekilleri ve toplumun ileri gelenlerini Arbob Saray\u0131’nda toplar. 16 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 toplant\u0131 sonucunda anla\u015fma sa\u011flan\u0131r ve oy birli\u011fi ile \u0130mam Ali Rahman kurulacak devlet i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fbmet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130mam Ali Rahman 1994\u2019ten beri aral\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131k ba\u015fkan olarak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor yani 27 y\u0131ldan beri ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa devam ediyor. 6\u2019s\u0131 k\u0131z, 2\u2019si erkek, toplam 8 \u00e7ocu\u011funun hepsi devlet y\u00f6netiminde \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde ve bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerindeler. \u00d6l\u00fcnce yerine varis olarak bug\u00fcn Du\u015fanbe valisi olan b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu R\u00fcstem \u0130mam Ali ba\u015fkan olacak. Yani ailece devlet y\u00f6netimi \u0130mam Ali ailesinde. Demek ki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminde gelen gitmiyor sonra da o\u011flu veya aileden biri ba\u015fkan oluyor.\u00a0Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k b\u00f6yle bir sistemmi\u015f biz de \u00e7ok net anlad\u0131k zaten.<\/p>\n

Arbob Saray\u0131, bug\u00fcn devlet toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir\u00e7ok salonu olan g\u00fczel, bak\u0131ml\u0131 bir yer. Burada Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n tarihinin k\u0131sa \u00f6zetini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Arbob K\u00fclt\u00fcr Saray\u0131, 1946-1957 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda St. Petersburg Peterhof’un k\u0131\u015f bah\u00e7elerinden biri olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in bile iddial\u0131 say\u0131labilecek yap\u0131lardan biridir. \u00d6nemli olan ba\u015fka bir konu da saray\u0131n yap\u0131mda \u201cHashar\u201d olarak bilinen toplumun her kesiminden g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sovyet d\u00f6neminde bir\u00e7ok bina bu \u015fekilde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc (!) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Khojen Kalesi;<\/strong> ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok sava\u015flar\u0131n ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli yerlerden. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir alan \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kalenin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bug\u00fcn m\u00fcze olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Buras\u0131 da gelmi\u015fte sald\u0131r\u0131lardan, talanc\u0131lardan korunmak, yerle\u015fim yerini savunmak i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kalelerden. Khojen’in tarihini anlatan m\u00fczede en dikkat \u00e7eken ise, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda buray\u0131 etkileyen Pers k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 etkili olmas\u0131. Tacikistan halk\u0131, \u0130ran lisan\u0131 olan Fars\u00e7a leh\u00e7esi konu\u015fur, \u0130ran k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve m\u00fczi\u011finden de etkilenmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

2500 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir \u015fehrin \u00f6nemli kalesiydi ve \u015fehirle birlikte geni\u015fledi. M\u00d6 6 ve 5. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda in\u015fa edildi\u011fi bilinen, kal\u0131n sur duvarlar\u0131 olan kalenin etraf\u0131nda derin su hendekleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130pek Yolu’nun en parlak d\u00f6neminde, Khojen Kalesi yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve \u015fehir surlar\u0131 da onar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. D\u00f6neminde Khojen Kalesi, Orta Asya’daki en kuvvetli savunulan kalelerden biri olarak kabul ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

Kale 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Cengiz Han taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131, Timur Malik emrindeki ordu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda kar\u015f\u0131 koyamad\u0131 teslim oldu. Sonu\u00e7 olarak kale tamamen y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u015fehir teslim oldu. Khojen Ku\u015fatmas\u0131, Tacikistan tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar\u0131ndan biri olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Khojen Kalesi restore edilmi\u015f ve Tarih, Arkeoloji ve Tahkimat M\u00fczesi olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Per\u015fembe Pazar\u0131<\/strong>; Du\u015fanbe\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlar\u0131nda biri olan Per\u015fembe pazar\u0131na gidiyoruz. \u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck, kapal\u0131 bir alanda yer alan daim\u00ee pazar yerinde, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebze, meyve, giyecek, e\u015fya bulabilirsiniz. A\u00e7\u0131k havada da k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kendi \u00fcrettikleri g\u00fcnl\u00fck sebze, meyve ve baz\u0131 giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131 bulunuyor.\u00a0Buras\u0131, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n, turistlerin pek geldi\u011fi bir yer de\u011fil, bu nedenle g\u00f6zler \u00fczerimizde. Ufak tefek al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, biraz foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekimiyle g\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlad\u0131k. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Khodjen’\u0131n ana meydan\u0131, b\u00f6yle olunca en b\u00fcy\u00fck cami olan \u015eeyh Muhitdin Cami de burada. 3000 ki\u015fi kapasiteli, merkez cami olarak bilinen caminin hemen yan\u0131na daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, yeni bir Cuma cami daha yap\u0131l\u0131yor. M\u00fc\u015fterisi bol anla\u015f\u0131lan, hay\u0131rl\u0131 olsun dedik.<\/p>\n

Genelde abart\u0131 olarak dekore edilmi\u015f olsa da gayet g\u00fczel restoranlar var, yani ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck, o kadar g\u00fczel anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hakim.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn tamamd\u0131r, hava da giderek so\u011fumaya ba\u015flad\u0131 zaten.<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla Orta Asya \u00fclkelerinin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n belirlenmesi kolay olmad\u0131.\u00a0Lenin d\u00f6neminde Sovyetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn cumhuriyetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerinde de s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n tespitinde sorunlar \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Bu durum Lenin d\u00f6neminden itibaren bilin\u00e7li yap\u0131lan, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Oyun\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir uygulamayd\u0131. Her bir ulusun kendi milli, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini de\u011ferlerinin oldu\u011fu yer, b\u00f6lge ve\/veya \u015fehirler bilin\u00e7li olarak di\u011fer ulusun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sovyet d\u00f6neminde bask\u0131 rejimi gere\u011fi buna \u00e7ok itiraz edilemiyor, konu dahi olam\u0131yordu. O d\u00f6nem, \u00fclkelerde belirgin bir s\u0131n\u0131r da yoktu, izne ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa da insanlar genelde Sovyet Cumhuriyetleri i\u00e7inde istedi\u011fi yere gidebiliyordu. Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan itibaren baz\u0131 milli ve dini de\u011ferlerler ba\u015fka bir \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131nca, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r gerginlikleri \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yani bir \u00fclkenin milli kahraman\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131ra yak\u0131n olan b\u00f6lgedeki do\u011fdu\u011fu k\u00f6y, dini a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli kutsal say\u0131labilecek yerler, siyasi veya ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fcksek olan b\u00f6lgeler, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bol oldu\u011fu yerler bilin\u00e7li olarak di\u011fer \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durumda her \u00fclke kendine ait siyasi, ekonomik, tarihi ve dini de\u011ferleri olan yerleri kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rmek istiyordu. \u015eu anda \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti aras\u0131nda \u015fimdilik problem yok gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir manip\u00fclasyon ile sava\u015fa varabilen kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Oyun\u2019un kurucusu olan \u0130ngiltere, tarihte \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ve i\u015fgal olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f oyuncusu olmu\u015ftur. Neden \u0130ngiltere bu b\u00f6lgede Rusya ile birlikte b\u00f6yle bir oyun kurma gere\u011fini duymu\u015ftur? Hindistan kendi i\u00e7inde fazlaca inan\u00e7 ve etnik gruplar olan bir \u00fclke. \u0130ngiltere, tamamen kendi kontrol\u00fcnde olan\u00a0Hindistan’\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini ve i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 istemez. Bu nedenle Hindistan\u2019\u0131n siyasi ve toplumsal olarak etkilenebilece\u011fi, ba\u015fta s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fular\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanacak problemler olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemez. Yani Hindistan\u2019\u0131n etkilenece\u011fi toplumsal olaylar, \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi de \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z edecekti. O zaman bu \u00fclkelerde her an toplumu etkileyebilecek potansiyel problemleri var etmek ve bu problemleri canl\u0131 tutmak istenmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle \u0130ngiltere ve Rusya taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck oyunun senaryosu yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, provalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, oyun gerekti\u011finde k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede sahnelenebilir hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kendine ba\u011fl\u0131 cumhuriyetleri kontrol edebilmek i\u00e7in de i\u015fine geliyordu. Bu y\u00f6ntem biraz de\u011fi\u015fik halleri ile az geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 halen uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, su kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan \u00d6zbekistan ile su kaynaklar\u0131 bol olan Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n, \u00d6zbekistan\u2019\u0131 besleyen nehirler \u00fczerinde baraj yapmak istemesi sorun olmu\u015f, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda gerginlikler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Benzer durum; Nahcivan, Azerbaycan Devleti\u2019nin vilayetidir ancak Ermenistan topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir. Nahcivan\u2019a girmek i\u00e7in, ya Ermenistan \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7eceksiniz ki bug\u00fcn izin vermezler siyasi sorunlar nedeniyle, ya da \u0130ran \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelip I\u011fd\u0131r\u2019dan gideceksiniz. Yani Nahcivan vilayeti Azerbaycan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ermeni topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Veya en kolay yol, Ermenistan hava sahas\u0131 \u00fczerinden u\u00e7akla, bu da Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n hava sahas\u0131 iznine ba\u011fl\u0131. Bu nedenle Nahcivan, Azerbaycan ile Ermenistan aras\u0131nda her zaman potansiyel problem, her an ka\u015f\u0131yarak kanat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    Burayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fil ama tezg\u00e2h ayn\u0131, Filistin topra\u011f\u0131 olan Gazze de \u0130srail s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir ve \u0130srail topraklar\u0131 ile \u00e7evrilidir. B\u00f6yle \u00e7ok \u00f6rnek var, bu \u00fclkelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir manip\u00fclasyon ile her an potansiyel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fanabilir, i\u015fte istenen b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey, pimi \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bomba \u00fczerinde ya\u015fatmak gibi.<\/p>\n

    Tacikistan, Afganistan ile kom\u015fu ve uzun bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 var. Buraya gelmeden \u00f6nce buran\u0131n Afganistan\u2019\u0131n yeni y\u00f6netimi Taliban\u2019dan ne \u015fekilde etkilendi\u011fi ve buralara ne seviyede m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu konular\u0131ndaki belirsizlik endi\u015fe yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Be\u015fli \u00fclkeler olan T\u00fcrkmenistan, Azerbaycan, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, \u00d6zbekistan ve Tacikistan her ne kadar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Cumhuriyet \u015fekli de olsa b\u00fcy\u00fck abi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik kontrol ve denetimi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yani b\u00f6lgede esas politika Rusya taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir.<\/p>\n

    Tacikler ile Afganlar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayal\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr birli\u011fi vard\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerinde ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen evliliklerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc akraba ili\u015fkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fur, benzer gelenek ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ya\u015farlar.\u00a0Yani Tacikler ile Afganl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dayal\u0131 bir ba\u011f var. Bu nedenle Tacikistan, Taliban olaylar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcz bin Afganl\u0131 m\u00fclteci kabul edece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f,\u00a0ancak Rusya bunu kabul etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in anla\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememi\u015fti. Taliban olaylar\u0131 s\u00fcresince Rusya b\u00f6lgeye ciddi asker y\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve Afganistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lge ad\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde Rusya daima masan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oturur ve karar vericidir. Asl\u0131nda eski Sovyetler topraklar\u0131nda bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zerk ve yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk devletler halen siyasi ve ekonomik olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz bir\u00e7ok Tacik, Afganl\u0131larla k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkileri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Taliban y\u00f6netimini desteklemiyor, onaylam\u0131yorlar. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiden duydu\u011fumuz “Taliban M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ise ben o M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011filim” \u015feklinde ifadeler oldu. Tacikistan\u2019da bir tane burkal\u0131, pe\u00e7eli veya kara \u00e7ar\u015fafl\u0131 kad\u0131n, sar\u0131kl\u0131, c\u00fcbbeli, sakall\u0131 yobaz g\u00f6remezsiniz, her k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131nda cemaati olmayan cami g\u00f6remezsiniz, devlet bu \u015fekil davran\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011fnazl\u0131klara izin vermiyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn Orta Asya Cumhuriyetlerinde benzer durum vard\u0131r. Buralarda\u00a0kad\u0131nlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok \u0130slam \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi erkekten namahrem, g\u00fcnaht\u0131r, dokunursam, bakarsam abdestim bozulur d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ka\u00e7maz.\u00a0Bu nedenle, Orta Asya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerinde yobazl\u0131k ve ba\u011fnazl\u0131k olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    **<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcn Penjikent’e gidiyoruz. Da\u011fl\u0131k ve bir taraf\u0131 u\u00e7urum olan yollardan gidece\u011fiz, biraz heyecanl\u0131 olacak gibi.\u00a0Ba\u015flad\u0131k t\u0131rmanmaya,\u00a03 bin metrelerdeyiz, T\u00fcrkmenistan S\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 ve Fan Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan k\u0131vr\u0131la k\u0131vr\u0131la a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, Ayni \u015fehrine iniyoruz. Hava ciddi so\u011fuk. Sonra da Zeref\u015fan Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131ndan, Zeref\u015fan Vadisini ve Zeref\u015fan Deresini takip ederek Penjikent\u2019e gelebildik.<\/p>\n

    Penjikent, ad\u0131ndan da belli olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi be\u015f b\u00f6lgenin merkezi durumunda olan Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli yerlerinden biri. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ran edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bilinen \u015fairlerinden Rudaki’nin do\u011fdu\u011fu yer.\u00a0\u00d6nce, ge\u00e7mi\u015finde neler olmu\u015f, tarihi durumu nedir diye Pencikken m\u00fczesine gidiyoruz. 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k Sarsan\u0131 tarihi, bu topraklarda ya\u015fanan medeniyetler, sava\u015flar, gayet g\u00fczel bilgilendik.<\/p>\n

    Antik Penjikent<\/strong>; \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde So\u011fdiana b\u00f6lgesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasaba durumundayken 5. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek yerle\u015fim ve ticaret merkezi konumuna gelir. Buras\u0131, Pan\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 olarak bilinen y\u00f6neticiler taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmekteydi. Son h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Diva\u015fti\u00e7’in m\u00fccadelesine ra\u011fmen \u015fehir 722 y\u0131l\u0131nda Arap Emevi hakimiyetine ge\u00e7ti. Buran\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015finde Araplar da var, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaymak i\u00e7in 650 y\u0131llar\u0131nda buralara gelmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca bereketli topraklar\u0131 istila etmek istemi\u015fler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar, talanlar, i\u015fkenceler yapm\u0131\u015f ve buralarda h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Araplar\u0131n katliamlar\u0131 ve ya\u011fmalamalar\u0131 neticesinde g\u00f6\u00e7ler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, n\u00fcfus \u00f6nemli oranda azalm\u0131\u015f ve terk edilmeye ba\u015flayan \u015fehir yeniden in\u015fa edilmemi\u015f.<\/p>\n

    Penjikent, ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar, b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar sonras\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir yerde yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

    Eski Penjikent\u2019in oldu\u011fu antik b\u00f6lgeye gidiyoruz. Arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar zaman zaman yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kanlar da fazla korunmam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6yle olunca y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla dolu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

    Bu topraklarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinde, t\u00fcrbelerde, bir\u00e7ok yerde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan, Firdevsi, Ebu Reyhan El Biruni, \u00d6mer Hayyam, \u0130bn-i Sina, Nasr-\u0131 H\u00fcsrev gibi \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bilim adam\u0131, \u015fair, felsefe ve edebiyat ustalar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi buralardan yeti\u015fmi\u015f. Bu bilgelerinden, rubaileri ile \u00fcnl\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00d6mer Hayyam kimdir, bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6mer Hayyam<\/strong>; Buralara kadar gelip ayak izlerini, ruhunu hissedip de \u00d6mer Hayyam\u2019dan bahsetmemek \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f olur diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Asl\u0131nda \u00d6mer Hayyam denince pek \u00e7o\u011fumuzun akl\u0131na \u201ca\u015fktan, \u015faraptan, e\u011flenceden\u201d dem vuran d\u00f6rtl\u00fckler (rubailer) gelir. Oysa o, 9 as\u0131rd\u0131r unutulmayan \u015fairli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir bilim adam\u0131yd\u0131. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Tacikistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, bug\u00fcn \u0130ran topraklar\u0131nda olan Ni\u015fabur eyaletinde 1048 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00d6mer Hayyam veya tam ad\u0131yla G\u0131yaseddin Eb’ul Feth \u00d6mer \u0130bni \u0130brahim El-Hayyam, \u015fair, filozof, matematik\u00e7i ve astronomdur. B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fayan en \u00f6nemli ki\u015filerdendir. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fck medreselerde \u00fcnl\u00fc hocalardan \u0130slam \u00fczerine e\u011fitim alan Hayyam, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnya bilim tarihi i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli bir yerdedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan Miladi ve Hicri Takvimlerden \u00e7ok daha hassas olan Celali Takvimi’ni haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, matematik, astronomi konular\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bilim insanlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. \u0130bn-i Sina ekol\u00fcne mensup alim-filozof oldu\u011fu kabul edilen \u00d6mer Hayyam, cebir, geometri, astronomi, fizik ve t\u0131pla da ilgilenmi\u015f, m\u00fczikle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftiren rubailerini kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Binden fazla rubaisi kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Hayyam, rubailerini yazarken olduk\u00e7a kolay anla\u015f\u0131lan, ak\u0131c\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir dil kulland\u0131. \u015eiirlerinde ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iydi. Yeri gelmi\u015fken an\u0131msamak ad\u0131na bakal\u0131m ne demi\u015f;<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0130\u00e7in temiz olmad\u0131ktan sonra<\/p>\n

    Hac\u0131 hoca olmu\u015fsun, ka\u00e7 para!<\/p>\n

    H\u0131rka, tespih, post, seccade g\u00fczel;<\/p>\n

    Ama Tanr\u0131 kanar m\u0131 bunlara?<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    En do\u011frusu, dosta d\u00fc\u015fmana iyilik etmen;<\/p>\n

    \u0130yilik seven k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck edemez zaten.<\/p>\n

    Dostuna k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ettin mi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n olur:<\/p>\n

    D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131nsa dostun olur, iyilik edersen.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlemlediklerini oldu\u011fu gibi dile getirirdi. Ona g\u00f6re, en \u015fa\u015fmaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ak\u0131l ve sa\u011fduyuydu. \u0130nsano\u011flu, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ancak ak\u0131l yolu ile ula\u015fabilirdi. \u015eiirlerinde zaman\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u00e7mal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ince ve alayc\u0131 bir dille yerdi. D\u00f6rtl\u00fcklerinin konusunu a\u015fk, \u015farap, d\u00fcnya, insan hayat\u0131 ve ya\u015fama sevinci gibi temalardan se\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u0130nsan hayat\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na alayc\u0131 ve felsefi bir g\u00f6zle bakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015faire g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek olan \u201cya\u015fanan\u0131n kendisidir\u201d, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6tesinde ikinci bir d\u00fcnya yoktur. \u0130nsan, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece en \u015fa\u015fmaz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc \u201cger\u00e7ektir\u201d, iman de\u011fil, ak\u0131l ve sa\u011fduyudur. \u0130nsan, akl\u0131yla vard\u0131r, en \u015fa\u015fmaz k\u0131lavuz ak\u0131ld\u0131r ve ger\u00e7e\u011fe ancak ak\u0131l yolu ile ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

    Rubailerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirisi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00e7evirmen taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da rubaileri T\u00fcrk halk\u0131na sevdiren \u00e7eviri Sabahattin Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    4 Aral\u0131k 1131 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ran Ni\u015fabur\u2019da 83 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    **<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yolumuza devam:<\/p>\n

    Yedi G\u00f6ller;<\/strong> Tacikistan\u2019da do\u011fa harikas\u0131 \u00f6nemli yerlerden, bayra\u011f\u0131ndaki yedi rakam\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eden yedi g\u00f6llere gidiyoruz. Yollar bozuk ve dar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ara\u00e7larla 2 bin metreye kadar \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131z. Yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a so\u011fuk hafiften \u0131s\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Birinci g\u00f6le ula\u015ft\u0131k.\u00a0G\u00f6llerin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, her g\u00f6l\u00fcn birbirine yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc kanallar ile do\u011fal olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131. \u00a0En tepedeki g\u00f6l Hazorshashme G\u00f6l\u00fc, kar, ya\u011fmur, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131 ve esas olarak\u00a0Shing Nehri taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0beslenmektedir. Burada biriken sular belli bir seviyeden sonra bir sonraki g\u00f6l\u00fc besliyor. B\u00f6ylece her g\u00f6l kendi \u00e7evresinde do\u011fal \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ve havzas\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131ktan sonra di\u011fer g\u00f6lleri besleyerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya kadar iniyor. Ancak her g\u00f6l\u00fcn suyu bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlar i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan farkl\u0131 bakteri ve canl\u0131lar nedeniyle fark edilir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fik renklerde.\u00a0En a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki birinciden ba\u015flayarak d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6le kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yoruz.\u00a0\u00d6yle kolay olmuyor, hem dar yollar hem etraftaki harika manzaralara bakmak, foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekerek t\u0131rmanmak. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6le geldi\u011fimizde anlamad\u0131k nas\u0131l bu kadar \u00e7abuk ge\u00e7ti zaman, g\u00fcn\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan ge\u00e7irmi\u015fiz. B\u00f6yle bir yerde, manzara, temiz havada beklemedi\u011fimiz harika \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi. Tacikistan\u2019da alkol \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n de\u011fil bu nedenle baz\u0131 yerlerin haricinde bulmak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Neyse keyifli yemek, sohbet tamamd\u0131r. Yola devam, t\u0131rman\u0131yoruz, \u00e7evrede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerle\u015fim yerleri, kendi y\u00f6resel k\u0131yafetleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer. Be\u015finci g\u00f6lden sonra alt\u0131nc\u0131 g\u00f6l. \u00a0Buraya kadar zor da olsa arabayla \u00e7\u0131kabildik, sonras\u0131 yani yedinci g\u00f6le 1,5 saat dik kayal\u0131k da\u011fa t\u0131rmanmak gerekiyor, zorlu bir parkur gibi, \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 zorlamayal\u0131m dedik, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7tik.<\/p>\n

    G\u00f6llerin isimlerini merak ediyorsunuz diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. S\u0131ras\u0131yla,<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Mijgon G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    2. Guzhor G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    3. Hu\u015fyor G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    4. Nofi G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    5. Khurdak G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    6. Marguzor G\u00f6l\u00fc,<\/li>\n
    7. Hazorshashme G\u00f6l\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Ge\u00e7 olur bahanesi alt\u0131nda asl\u0131nda kimsenin oraya \u00e7\u0131kmaya g\u00f6z\u00fc yemedi. Ayn\u0131 yoldan iniyoruz, ak\u015fam g\u00fcne\u015finin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rak\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6llerin renkleri yeniden fark edilir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015fmeye, farkl\u0131 g\u00fczelliklere b\u00fcr\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00a0Zor de\u011fildi, dikkatli olunmas\u0131 gereken ama buralara gelince mutlaka g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerlerden.<\/p>\n

      Sarazm Medeniyeti; <\/strong>Tacikistan ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bir\u00e7ok medeniyete ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki \u00f6nemli medeniyetlerden biri de Sarazm Medeniyeti.\u00a0Yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda epey malzemeler bulunmu\u015f, bunlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve halen kaz\u0131lar\u0131n devam etti\u011fi \u00f6ren yerine gidiyoruz.<\/p>\n

      Topra\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer anlam\u0131na gelen Sarazm Medeniyeti\u2019nin, M\u00d6 5 bin ve M\u00d6 4 bin y\u0131llar\u0131nda Orta Asya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen ilk yerle\u015fik medeniyet oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Sit alan\u0131 ilan edilen arkeolojik alanda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda bulunan tarihi eserler m\u00fczede sergileniyor. Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n en eski yerle\u015fim yeri olan Sarazm\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7ebe olduklar\u0131 bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da geni\u015f d\u00fczl\u00fcklerde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131m yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u0130\u015fte ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu medeniyetin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar \u00fczerindeyiz ve neler yapm\u0131\u015flar, nas\u0131l ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.<\/p>\n

      **<\/p>\n

      Orta Asya tarihi bizde pek okutulmaz, bu nedenle tam olarak h\u00e2kim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir konudur buralar\u0131n tarihi. Asl\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fil. Y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca dini ve siyasi \u00e7ok fazla h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131klar de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, birbirinin o\u011flu, torunu, damad\u0131, yak\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda veya ba\u015fka co\u011frafyadan olanlarla devaml\u0131 sava\u015flar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f. Son 260 y\u0131lda 17 farkl\u0131 devlet kurulmu\u015f, en uzun h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k 60-80 y\u0131l gibi. Her yeni gelen eskileri yakm\u0131\u015f y\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Yak\u0131n tarihe kadar s\u00fcrekli sava\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131mlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir co\u011frafya.<\/p>\n

      **<\/p>\n

      B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 k\u0131saca \u00f6zetlersek, neresidir Tacikistan diye:<\/p>\n

      M\u00d6 4000’lerden beri bir\u00e7ok medeniyet bu topraklarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, pek \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr b\u00f6lgede varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bilinen ilk medeniyetlerden Baktria-Margiyana ve Andronovo erken \u00e7a\u011flarda bu topraklarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar. Ahameni\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Eftalitler, Ku\u015faniler, Saman\u00eeler ve Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu gibi devletler bu topraklarda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. \u00dclke daha sonra Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi kurulduktan sonra Tacikistan, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1990\u2019da Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclke ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Tacikistan, 1992-1997 d\u00f6neminde bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesinden sonra, kurulan siyasi istikrar ve d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131mlarla, \u00fclke ekonomisi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      \u00dclke, 1994’ten beri Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130mam Ali Rahman taraf\u0131ndan tek adam olarak y\u00f6netilmektedir. Monar\u015fi yani otoriter liderlik \u015feklinde bir y\u00f6netim, b\u00f6yle olunca demokrasi ve insan haklar\u0131 konular\u0131 ask\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yerine ki\u015fisel y\u00f6netim, siyasi bask\u0131, yolsuzluk \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

      \u00dclkede h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, gasp, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme gibi kriminal su\u00e7lar \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fil. 27 y\u0131ldan beri ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revinde olan \u0130mam Ali Rahman\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn aile ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 da devlet y\u00f6netimde. B\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu R\u00fcstem \u0130mam Ali uzun zamand\u0131r Du\u015fanbe valisi ve babas\u0131ndan sonra devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olacak. Tabii ki Tacikistan\u2019da se\u00e7imler oluyor, tabii ki her se\u00e7imde %90\u2019lar\u0131n \u00fczerinde oy ile ayn\u0131 ba\u015fkan se\u00e7imi kazan\u0131yor!<\/p>\n

      Du\u015fanbe mutfa\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm Tacikistan\u2019da, Rus, Afgan ve \u00d6zbek mutfa\u011f\u0131ndan etkilenmi\u015ftir. \u201cPlov\u201d yani pilav, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n ulusal yeme\u011fi say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kuru meyve, kuruyemi\u015f ve helva ise en \u00e7ok kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. \u201cPlov\u201d, par\u00e7a koyun eti, havu\u00e7, \u015falgam ve pirin\u00e7le haz\u0131rlanan geleneksel bir yemektir.<\/p>\n

      Tacikistan bayra\u011f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 renk vard\u0131r. Beyaz, da\u011flardaki kar\u0131, temizli\u011fi, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte tarihte verilen m\u00fccadeleyi, kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ye\u015fil, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n rengini ve do\u011fay\u0131 ifade eder. Ayr\u0131ca bayrak \u00fczerindeki 7 y\u0131ld\u0131z, Tacikistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli yeri olan Yedi G\u00f6lleri temsil eder ve \u0130slam\u2019da \u00f6nemli bir say\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7indir. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulunan ta\u00e7 ise Taciklerin her birinin ta\u00e7l\u0131, de\u011ferli insan olduklar\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eder.<\/p>\n

      Neden d\u00fcnyada M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerin hepsi az geli\u015fmi\u015f, yoksulluk ve \u00e7aresizlik i\u00e7indedirler? Neden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yolsuzluk, r\u00fc\u015fvet, adam kayd\u0131rma i\u015fleri bu \u00fclkelerde olur? Neden bu \u00fclkelerde insanlar haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, ezilmi\u015fli\u011fe, kaderlerine raz\u0131 olurlar?\u00a0Neden bunlar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerde s\u0131radan i\u015fler gibi kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr?\u00a0D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek laz\u0131m!<\/p>\n

      Tacikistan\u2019da ya\u015fam kolay de\u011fil, her az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkede g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 burada a\u00e7\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\u00a0Yeni model ve pahal\u0131 arabalar, pahal\u0131 markalar satan ma\u011fazalar, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve geni\u015f caddeler. Ancak biraz arka taraflara yolunuz d\u00fc\u015ferse \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z.\u00a0Asgari \u00fccret 125 dolar seviyelerinde, \u00f6\u011fretmen ve memur maa\u015f\u0131 da bunun biraz \u00fczerinde. Ya\u015famak i\u00e7in izlenen yol \u201cbenim memurum i\u015fini bilir\u201d y\u00f6ntemi olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Misafirperver, candan, dost canl\u0131s\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi.<\/p>\n

      Bekenmeyen g\u00fczellikler \u00fclkesi Tacikistan.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Sevgilerimle<\/p>\n

      Hayettin KA\u011eNICI<\/p>\n

      Ekim 2021<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

       <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin co\u011frafi olarak nerede oldu\u011funu biliyoruz ama gene de hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m; g\u00fcneyinde Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019a, do\u011fusunda \u00c7in\u2019e, kuzeyinde K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a kom\u015fu, 143.000 km2 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip, 10 milyon n\u00fcfuslu, ba\u015fkenti Du\u015fanbe, Orta Asya\u2019da denize \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hanefi ve S\u00fcnni mezhebine mensup, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclke. Ba\u015fkent Du\u015fanbe, Tacik dilinde Pazartesi anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu ismi de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi-notlari"],"yoast_head":"\nTacikistan 2021 - Hayrettin Ka\u011fn\u0131c\u0131 Resmi Web Sitesi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hayrettinkagnici.com\/tr\/?p=13723\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tacikistan 2021 - Hayrettin Ka\u011fn\u0131c\u0131 Resmi Web Sitesi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tacikistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin co\u011frafi olarak nerede oldu\u011funu biliyoruz ama gene de hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m; g\u00fcneyinde Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019a, do\u011fusunda \u00c7in\u2019e, kuzeyinde K\u0131rg\u0131zistan ve \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a kom\u015fu, 143.000 km2 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne sahip, 10 milyon n\u00fcfuslu, ba\u015fkenti Du\u015fanbe, Orta Asya\u2019da denize \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmayan, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Hanefi ve S\u00fcnni mezhebine mensup, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan \u00fclke. 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